Timeline Context
Year 400 CE
Early Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms
The earliest documented polities of the archipelago emerge: Kutai Martadipura on the Mahakam river (East Kalimantan), Tarumanagara in West Java, and Kalingga (Ho-ling) in Central Java — all influenced by Indic culture and attested by stone inscriptions (prasasti) such as the Yupa stelae, the Tugu inscription, and the Tang annals' account of queen Sima.
Sources
- Coedès, G. (1968). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia.
- Ricklefs, M.C. et al. (2010). A New History of Southeast Asia.
Select a colored polity on the map to inspect its scholarly record.